Skip to main content

How to grow and care for a thriving avocado plant

avocados growing on a tree
Maria Loginova/Shutterstock

Anyone who enjoys the challenge and satisfaction of growing plants will love growing an avocado from seed. If you live in the right climate, it could be the next addition to your garden. If not, it makes an attractive and interesting houseplant. All you need to start one is a fully ripe avocado, a planting container, and some high quality potting soil. But before we dive into the project, let’s take a closer look at the plant and its background.

Avocado at a glance

Avocado, Persea americana, is a multi-stemmed broadleaf evergreen tree that is native to tropical parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America. It’s hardy in USDA zones 9 through 12, where it can grow 30 to 60 feet tall in rich, well-drained soil and full sun. The world’s largest commercial producer of avocados is Mexico, with more than two million tons harvested annually. In the United States, California grows the vast majority of fresh avocados.

Growing culture

Avocado farmers must monitor and manage the tree’s health, soil fertility, and irrigation with three concurrent growth cycles in mind. The currently ripening crop needs good nutrition and irrigation to mature properly. While the current crop ripens, the tree needs resources for next year’s flower buds that are forming within the stems, and it needs a reserve of nutrients to produce new woody growth for flower production two years from now.

Flowering and fruiting

From late winter through early summer, mature avocado trees produce flower clusters that are pollinated by insects, including bees. It takes nearly two years for an avocado fruit to grow from flower bud break to maturity. The fruit is harvested when it’s still green and hard. If it was picked at the right time, it will ripen perfectly on a countertop within about five days.

avocado pit in a jar of water
Anna Nightwolf/Shutterstock

Two ways to start an avocado tree from seed

If you live in a warm climate where the coldest temperatures never drop below freezing, you could grow one of these lovely trees in your yard. The rest of us can enjoy them as houseplants, with maybe a few months outdoors in the summer. Here’s how to start them from the pit, or seed, of a grocery store fruit.

Sprout an avocado seed in water

One popular method that has been used for generations is the water method. Remove the pit from a fresh, ripe avocado and wash off any remnants of the flesh. Insert three toothpicks into the side of the seed, evenly spaced around the perimeter. Use the toothpicks to suspend the seed in a jar of water, broad end down, with water covering the bottom third. Change the water every day or two. In two to six weeks, when the seed splits and roots begin to grow, plant the seed in an 8-inch container with potting soil.

Start an avocado seed in soil

Perhaps a more convenient way to start an avocado from seed is to simply plant it in soil. Fill an 8-inch container with high quality potting soil. Water the soil thoroughly and let the excess drain off. Insert the seed, broad end down, two-thirds of its depth into the soil. Place the pot in a warm location, away from direct sunlight, and keep it evenly moist but not soggy. The seed should split in four to six weeks, and the stem will begin to emerge soon after.

woman watering a potted avocado tree
Image used with permission by copyright holder

How to care for an avocado tree

Once the seed splits and the roots begin to grow, your avocado seedling is ready to grow. You’ll notice a bud emerging from the middle of the split. If you sprouted it in water, now is the time to pot it up. Plant it in an 8-inch standard pot with high quality potting soil, leaving the top one-third of the seed exposed, and water it well. Place the pot in a sunny location outdoors during warm weather. When night temperatures are forecast to dip below 55 degrees, bring it to a high light location indoors.

Light

Avocados are sun-loving plants. If your plant is starved for light, the stem may grow thin and weak. Stake it to keep it upright and move it to a brighter location, if one is available. Or you can add supplemental grow lights. Turn the pot weekly to provide even light on all sides.

Water

Keep the soil evenly moist, not wet. The soil should consistently have the feel of a wrung-out sponge for the first several weeks after transplanting. As the plant becomes established, the surface should dry out between waterings. Numerous variables, such as plant size, pot size, soil makeup, ambient humidity, temperature, and others, make it unwise to generalize a precise, uniform watering schedule. The best test is to stick your finger in the soil—if it’s dry to the depth of your first knuckle, water the tree.

Fertilization

Feed the tree with general purpose houseplant fertilizer. If you use a dry application fertilizer, follow the directions on the package. For water soluble plant food, dilute the product for weekly feeding and apply in place of plain water on those days. If the label instructions are for monthly feeding, mix it at quarter strength.

It’s fun and easy to start an avocado tree from a seed. Whether you’re an old hand at gardening or just getting started, it’s well worth the time and simple effort.

Editors' Recommendations

Mark Wolfe
Former Digital Trends Contributor
Mark Wolfe is a freelance writer who specializes in garden, landscaping, and home improvement. After two decades in the…
What you need for a gorgeous indoor rose plant
Grow an indoor rose garden for a lively and elegant display
Several orange miniature roses in a large pot

Roses are beautiful, elegant flowers, but they’re also typically grown as outdoor blooms. They can take up a lot of space and have a reputation for being somewhat particular about their care. So what should you do if you have limited space to grow plants, or if the weather isn’t compatible with growing roses? Grow them indoors, of course! Here's everything you need to know to care for an indoor rose plant.

Can you grow roses inside?
Yes, you absolutely can! Revitalize your indoor garden with a bounty of roses. Roses will grow just as well indoors as they would outdoors, as long as you take proper care of them. Here are the basics of rose care and how they’re impacted by the change of scenery.
Light
Light is very important for roses. Most rose varieties need roughly six hours of direct sunlight a day. For indoor roses, make sure they have plenty of light or look for a variety that specifically grows in lower light. Grow lights will be crucial if your home doesn't get a lot of natural lighting.
Water
When watering your roses, make sure that the top inch of the soil is dry before you water, but don’t let the soil dry out completely. You also want to keep an eye out for the humidity. If the air isn’t humid enough, your rose may develop a spider mite infestation! You can place your rose in a tray with just a little water in it, which creates more humidity around the plant as the water evaporates. There is, of course, also the option of investing in a humidifier.
Temperature
Roses are not very fond of the cold. They need temperatures ranging from 60 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit to be comfortable. However, you can start your roses in January or February — the seeds should be just fine with this timing. The soil will keep them warm in late winter, and you should see sprouts by spring.
Pruning
Roses do need to be pruned, and this is especially true of indoor roses. Pruning keeps them healthy and from taking up too much room. Simply clip faded blooms off with sharp garden shears or a blade.

Read more
Wondering if peppers are fruits or vegetables? We have your answers
Everything you need to know about pepper classification
Pile of bell peppers

Whether you prefer mild bell peppers or spicy ghost peppers, most people can agree that peppers make for a colorful, flavorful addition to meals and gardens. They aren’t difficult to grow at home, and there are so many different kinds of peppers to experiment with. If you've grown them before, you might be confused about how to categorize them. They grow from flowers like fruits, but we refer to them as vegetables, and sometimes as a spice.

If you've ever been curious about how plants are categorized, then this guide is for you! We'll explain the differences and similarities between fruits, vegetables, and spices, and which one peppers actually are.

Read more
How to make sure your garden is set up to transition from summer to fall
How to get your garden ready for fall
Blooming perennial flower garden along a walkway

Taking care of a vegetable or flower garden during spring and summer is fairly straightforward, as long as you know what your plants need. The transition from spring to summer is simple, too. Preparing your garden for fall can take a bit longer, though, as you'll need to start fortifying your garden against cold weather. It can feel overwhelming if you aren't sure where to start, but don't worry! This simple guide on how to transition your garden from summer to fall will walk you through each step. You can even use it as a checklist to make sure you're fully prepared.

When should you begin transitioning your garden?
Depending on the climate zone you live in, you can begin to transition your garden from summer to fall from July to September. In general, you should start your preparations before the nights get too cold. In addition to your local weather forecasts, the plants in your yard and garden can provide valuable information about the changing seasons. Many summer fruits and vegetables are ready to harvest during the transitional stage, and you should begin seeing a few leaves changing color as well. This is a good indicator that it's time to start your preparations.

Read more